Bewick's Swans aka Tundra Swans
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Bewick's Swan, Cygnus columbianus ( Tundra Swan in the United States) is a small Holarctic swan. This taxon is sometimes split into two species, C. bewickii of the Palaearctic and the Whistling Swan C. columbianus of the Nearctic but the latest evidence suggests they should be considered as subspecies within C. columbianus. Bewick's Swan is named after the engraver Thomas Bewick, who specialised in illustrations of birds and animals.
Description
Bewick's is the smallest of the three Holarctic swans, at 115-127cm length and a 170-195cm wingspan. C. c. bewickii is similar in appearance to the Whooper Swan, but smaller, shorter-necked and with a more rounded head shape, with variable bill pattern, but always showing more black than yellow (the other way round with Whooper Swans).
The bill pattern for every bird is unique, and scientists make detailed drawings of each and give them names to assist with studying this species. C. c. columbianus is distinguished from C. c. bewickii by its largely black bill with a small yellow spot of variable size at the base.
Distribution
Bewick's Swans breed in the Arctic, C. c. bewickii right across northern Russia from the Kola Peninsula east to the Pacific, C. c. columbianus in Alaska and Canada. C. c. bewickii migrates via the White Sea, Estonia, the Elbe estuary to winter in the Netherlands and the British Isles, especially in the wildfowl nature reserves of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and of the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust. Populations breeding in eastern Russia (roughly east of the Taimyr Peninsula) winter in Japan and China; these are sometimes separated as the subspecies C. c. jankowski, but this is not widely accepted as distinct, most authors including them in C. c. bewickii. C. c. columbianus winters in the coastal USA.
Nesting / Breeding
Their breeding habitat is wetland. The female bird lays 4 to 7 eggs in a mound of plant material on a site near open water. The pair build the nest and defend a large territory around it. They pair for life, and their cygnets stay with them all winter; they are sometimes joined byoffspring from previous years.
Diet
In summer, their diet consists mainly of aquatic vegetation, eaten while swimming. At other times of year, they also eat cultivated grains in open fields.
Call
They have a high pitched honking call. According to National Geographic, when migrating these birds can fly at altitudes of nearly 27,000 ft.
Status
Healthy adult birds have few natural predators. Although numbers are stable, they are increasingly dependent on agricultural crops to supplement their winter diet due to loss of aquatic vegetation in their winter habitat as a result of habitat destruction and water pollution.
The Bewick's Swan is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.
Copyright: Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from Wikipedia.org
Relevant Web Resources: Birds of Britain ... Swans (Photos - Birding Forum) ... Virtual Bird Field Guide ... USGS ... Birds of Nova Scotia ... Swan Clipart
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