Nestorinae - Kea
The Kea (Nestor notabilis) is a semi-nocturnal parrot endemic to the mountains of South Island of New Zealand from Fiordland north to Nelson and Marlborough Provinces.
The Kea is the only parrot capable of living in alpine regions. They prefer the ground to tree habitats.
Keas are strong fliers, able to rise from valley bottom to the snowline in minutes. They can easily cross valleys 15-20km wide in little more than half an hour and are particularly adept at riding mountain air currents.
Personality:
The Keas are known as the clowns of the mountains, because of their playful and mischievous nature. They have a reputation for tearing the rubber sealing from cars.
The Kea has also been known as the feathered wolf because of its reputation for attacking and killing farmers' livestock (predominantly sheep). The Kea is the only species of parrot to habitually attack and kill other vertebrates, though this is generally rare and probably restricted to sick or trapped animals. They are probably one of the most active, intelligent, destructive and playful parrots, making them prone to behavioral problems and boredom in captivity if not well cared for.
Keas are playful in character, amusing onlookers with their acrobatics and sideways hopping antics even when simply moving forward.
Description:
This parrot averages 19 inches or 48 cm in length. Both female and male Kea are alike in their dark olive-green coloration with each feather being edged with black. They have lighter feathers on the breast, belly and back. Both have red plumage on the napes of their necks and underneath the wings that can be easily seen while in flight. The only visible distinction between the sexes is their beak with the male having a larger longer curving upper beak. Males, who average around 48 cm in length, are also slightly larger in general than females, and on average weigh 5% more, with bill length and curvature about 14% more. However, a light male can weigh less than a heavy female. Juvenile Keas have bright yellow eyelids, cere and beak and their crown feathers have a yellowish tinge to them; fledglings typically acquire their adult plumage at around eighteen months of age, although it can take up to 4 years for juvenile keas to lose the yellow around their eyes.
Females have shorter and less curved bill. Immatures as adult, but with yellowish skin to periophthalmic ring, cere and base of lower beak, feet yellow-brown. They attain the adult plumage at 18 months.
Breeding / Nesting:
. Keas typically nest in crevices under rocks, in the roots of trees, or hollow logs. Keas are typically found in flocks of ten or more, and during breeding, juveniles can be found in groups topping the hundreds. Breeding seasons typically occur between July and January. Keas lay clutches of two to four eggs per season and these are incubated by the female for around twenty-nine days. When the chicks are a month old the male Kea assists in their feeding. Keas are reported to have polygamist breeding behaviors with the male pairing up with up to 4 females.
Diet / Feeding:
Their diet consists of leaves, buds, fruits, insects, and dead animals. Keas need to obtain fats to survive the harsh alpine environment and have been known to visit local rookeries and rob the nests of their eggs or young chicks. They are reported to particularly prize the fat surrounding sheep kidneys, and stories are told of their riding sheep over cliffs to obtain these morsels.
Status:
The Kea is now a protected species, but was once hunted for a bounty paid by farmers for killing their sheep. An estimated 150,000 Keas were slaughtered during this period. In the 1970s the Kea received partial protection after a census counted only 5000 Keas. They were not fully protected until 1986, when farmers were persuaded to give up their legal right to shoot any Kea that tampered with property or livestock. In exchange, the government agreed to investigate any reports of such problem birds and have them safely removed from the land.
Taxonomy:
Sub-Family: Nestorinae, Kea Nestor notabilis, Kaka Nestor meridionalis
Genus: Scientific: Nestor ... English: Nestor Parrot ... Dutch: Nestorpapegaaien ... German: Nestorpapageien ... French: Nestor
Species: Scientific: Nestor notabilis ... English: Kea, Mountain Parrot ... Dutch: Kea ... German: Kea ... French: Kea, Nestor de Montagne
Sub-species:
Northern Kaka / Northern Nestor:
Species: Scientific: Nestor meridionalis septentrionalis ... English: Northern Kaka, Northern Nestor ... Dutch: Noordelijke Kaka ... German: Nördlicher Kaka ... French: Nestor brunâtre de Nord
Description: Plumage variable; forehead, crown and nape brownish-grey to brown; lores (the regions between the eyes and bill on the side of a bird's head), cheeks and ear-coverts are yellow to orange, sometimes with reddish tinge; throat and upper breast greyish-brown to orange-yellow; lower breast yellow or orange-yellow; abdomen, thighs and under tail-coverts vary from dark orange to dull red; marked with greyish-brown; sometimes greenish-yellow band runs across greyish-brown hindneck; back dark ash-brown; wings brown with dull green tinge to coverts; rump and upper tail-coverts dark orange to dull red, each feather tipped greyish-brown; under tail-coverts dull yellow; tail brown; inner webs of outer tail-feathers marked yellow to orange; iris dark brown; feet olive-brown; long curved bill brownish-grey. Immatures as adults, but with olive-brown breast ... Length: 38 cm (15 ins)
CITES II - Endangered
Distribution: Norfolk and Philip Islands
Related Websites: Lexicon of Parrots (Please scroll down to no. 2 - click on link to view photo.)
Slender-billed Kea aka Norfolk Island Kaka:
Species: Scientific: Nestor productus aka Nestor meridionalis productus... English: Slender-billed Kea, Norfolk Island Kaka ... Dutch: Dunbeknestor Papegaai ... German: Dünnschnabelnestor ... French: Nestor à bec gracile, Nestor d'ile Norfolk
Description: Plumage variable; forehead, crown and nape brownish-grey to brown; lores (the regions between the eyes and bill on the side of a bird's head), cheeks and ear-coverts are yellow to orange, sometimes with reddish tinge; throat and upper breast greyish-brown to orange-yellow; lower breast yellow or orange-yellow; abdomen, thighs and under tail-coverts vary from dark orange to dull red; marked with greyish-brown; sometimes greenish-yellow band runs across greyish-brown hindneck; back dark ash-brown; wings brown with dull green tinge to coverts; rump and upper tail-coverts dark orange to dull red, each feather tipped greyish-brown; under tail-coverts dull yellow; tail brown; inner webs of outer tail-feathers marked yellow to orange; iris dark brown; feet olive-brown; long curved bill brownish-grey. Immatures as adults, but with olive-brown breast. ... Length: 38 cm (15 ins)
CITES Status: EXTINCT. Last recorded about 1850
Distribution: Formerly inhabited Norfolk and adjacent Phillippine Island
Related Websites: Lexicon of Parrots ... Lost in Paradise (Parrots)
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