Western Rosellas or Yellow-cheeked Rosellas
Rosellas Information ... Rosella Species ... Rosella Photo Gallery ... Bird Nutrition
Distribution / Range
Description ... Calls / Vocalizations
Breeding (in the wild and aviculture)
Natural Diet / Captive Feeding
Training and Behavioral Guidance
Lifespan / Age of Maturity
The Western Rosella (Platycercus icterotis) is also known as the Stanley Rosella, Earl of Derby's parakeet or Yellow-cheeked parakeet.
Distribution:
It is the smallest species of rosella and is indigious to the coastral areas of South-western Australia.
Description:
Western Rosellas average 25 - 26 cm or 10 inch in length - including the long tail.
This Rosella has a vividly colorful plumage. The head, breast, abdomen and under tail-coverts are red. The chin, cheeks and lores (the regions between the eyes and bill on the side of a bird's head) are yellow. The nape and back feathers are black with green edging; also partially with red edging in some older birds, The shoulder feathers are black becoming green towards tips. The inner median wing-coverts are black. The edge of wing and outer median wing-coverts and under wing-coverts are violet-blue. Secondary-coverts are green with violet-blue outer webs. Secondaries (shorter, upper "arm" feathers) are green with narrow greenish-blue edging to outer feathers. The outer webs are bright violet-blue at base of primaries and primary wing feathers. The lower back and upper tail-coverts are green. The upperside of the middle tail-feathers are dark green. The outer tail-feathers are pale blue with dark blue base and pale tips. The tail underside was pale bluish. The bill is light greyish-horn color. They have a narrow periophthalmic ring that is grey to dark grey. The irises are dark brown and the feet are greyish-brown.
The hen's plumage is a duller red. Her breast, upper abdomen, crown, nape and lower cheeks are green with broad dull red edging. Her back is dull black, each feather broadly edged with green. The outer middle wing-coverts are green tinged violet-blue. The secondary-coverts and outer secondaries have less violet-blue to the outer webs. The outer webs at base of primaries and primary wing feathers are dull violet-blue. Her lower back and upper tail-coverts are green. The upperside of the middle tail-feathers are dull dark green. The outer tail-feathers are pale blue with dark green base and pale tips. The whitish under wing-stripe is present.
Immatures are mainly green to olive-green and with orange-red feathers on forehead, breast, abdomen and umder tail-coverts. Young males have more red, particularly breast feathers, which are orange-red. The yellow cheek patch is mostly absent. The light under wing-stripe is present. Young birds attain the adult coloration after their second molt - when they are about 12 to 16 months old. At that time they also become sexually mature.
Mutations / Colors: In aviculture, many beautiful mutations have occurred. Please visit this website for photos.
Diet:
Natural Diet:
In their natural habitat, they mostly feed on grass and tree seeds, flowers and various fruits.
Additionally, they take insects in their larvae - particularly during the breeding season, when they require more protein in their diet.
They forage in the trees and shrubs, as well as on the ground - usually in shaded areas.
Captive Diet:
A good Rosella diet should consist of canary seed, a mixture of millets, sunflower and safflower. Most people will use a Cockatiel seed mix with added Canary seed. They also enjoy fresh fruits & veggies such as apples, blackberries, oranges, cucumbers, sweet potato and mango. Kale, boiled egg can also be offered. I find that our Crimson Rosellas tend to appreciate fresh foods while the Golden Mantles will take bits and pieces leaving leftovers.
Sprouted or germinated seeds are usually more easily accepted by "seed addicts" than fresh fruits and vegetables.
- Sprouted seeds are healthier as the sprouting changes and enhances the nutritional quality and value of seeds and grains. Sprouted seeds are lower in fat, as the process of sprouting utilizes the fat in the seed to start the growing process - thus reducing the fat stored in the seeds.
- Sprouted seeds will help balance your bird’s diet by adding a nutritious supply of high in vegetable proteins, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and chlorophyll.
- Soaked and germinated "oil" seeds, like niger and rape seeds, are rich in protein and carbohydrates; while "starch" seeds, such as canary and millets, are rich in carbohydrates, but lower in protein.
- It is an invaluable food at all times; however, it is especially important for breeding or molting birds. Sprouted seeds also serve as a great rearing and weaning food as the softened shell is easier to break by chicks and gets them used to the texture of seeds.
- Click here for more information on bird nutrition.
Breeding:
Reproduction in their natural habitat
In their natural habitat, the breeding season is influenced by rainfall as well as the location of their home range.
The breeding season usually starts in March or April (in Australia from September through March)..
The courting male will bow forward low on the perch while sounding out the mating calls. The interested female will do the same. This is usually followed by mutual feeding and then the actual act of mating.
Wild Rosellas usually nest near water, in the cavities of either dead or living trees, usually in eucalypts, or hollow stumps and posts. The nesting cavity is usually over 3 feet (1 m) deep and located up to 100 ft (30 m) above the ground.
The nest floor is usually covered with wood dust. The female alone incubates the eggs while the male feeds her and helps providing food for the young. In the wild, they usually produce 1 - 2 broods a season.
Aviculture / Breeding
Rosellas are easy to breed; and they are generally hardy. Provided they have been properly acclimatized they can withstand colder temperatures. Some heat source may need to be provided when weather conditions are extraordinarily cold. A roosting box will also make it easier for them to keep warm. However, they do need a shelter that protects them from the rain and cold winds / drafts.
Aggression is a problem with rosellas - males in particular are very aggressive towards other males exspecialy in the presence of a hen. Young birds should be separated from the parents as soon weaned to prevent parental aggression. It is best to keep pairs separately from other birds.
Rosellas produce 1 to 2 clutches a year. The female typically lays 4 to 6 (rarely up to 9) eggs. The round, white, somewhat shiny eggs measure between 0.87 - 1 inches (22 x 26 mm). The female alone incubates the eggs for about 19 - 24 days. During the incubation period she is fed by her mate. The young fledge when they are about 5 weeks old and are independent another 3 - 4 weeks later.
Established pairs can be prolific and may produce two to three clutches per season - especially if their young are pulled for handfeeding and they have plenty of food available. However, typically they raise one to two clutches per year. During the incubation period she is fed by her mate. After hatching chicks will leave the nest at about 6 weeks old.
Some breeders like to pull the chicks for handfeeding when they are about 2 to 3 weeks old. This will allow parents to get started on another clutch.
Handfed Rosellas can still be a bit flighty and care should be taken to ensure the wings stay clipped to avoid injury. The young will need daily attention to remain tame.
These birds love to bathe and should be provided fresh water to do so.
Housing:
Rosellas do best in an aviary setting or long flight cages as they are avid flyers. It is recommended that couples are kept alone in an aviary, and to even avoid keeping two couples in two adjacent aviaries - as they may be aggressive and get distracted from breeding. If separation is not possible given the space and resources that you have, it is recommended to have the walls double wired with a separation of about 3 inches (75mm) or even place a solid wall between the flights.
You also need to have available aviary space for the young birds as they should be separated as soon as they are fully independent of their parents.
Rosellas like to chew on wood, therefore, metal frames with strong wire / mesh is recommended.
The minimum aviary size should be about:
Width: 40 inches (1 meter) - 47 inches (1.2 meters)
Length: 16 feet (5 meters)
Height: 7 feet (2.1 meters)The roof should be covered with transparent or opaque corrugated roofing material. For easy maintenance and sanitation, a concrete floor that can be hosed down daily is recommended.
Leafy branches placed in the aviary will entertain the birds thus minimizing boredom. Plus it will give the birds some beak exercise and nutrition when feeding on the leaves (non-toxic branches only). Natural branches can be used for perches. The perches will be chewed by the birds and need to be replaced regularly
Nest Box:
A standard rosella nest box size would be 10" x 11" x 24" (~25 x 28 x 60 cm). Rosellas like their nesting place to be high up -- ideal would be 16 - 30 feet (5 to 10 meters) - or as high as the aviary allows. However, the preferences of parent birds can be influenced by the size and type of nest-box / log in which they themselves were hatched. If a standard nesting box is not readily accept, offer a choice of sizes and types of logs or nest-boxes, placed in various locations within the aviary, to allow them to make their own choice. Once a pair has successfully nested in a nest box, it is best to keep that box for their own exclusive use, and any other "spare" nest boxes can be removed. The nest box needs to be removed and cleaned at the breeding season to avoid contamination of mites, parasites and pathogens .
A climbing structure should be attached inside the box - just below the entrance hole. The entrance hole just be just big enough for them to able to fit through.
The nest log or box should be placed at the rear of the aviary in a sheltered location to protect it from the elements and provide privacy.
- Please click here for in-depth information on breeding.
- Click here for average clutch sizes and incubation data for the different rosella species.
Calls / Vocalizations
Rosellas are often noisy, except when feeding, which is typically done in silence.
When roosting in groups, soft chattering or high pitched rapid 'pi-pi-pi-pi-pi' contact calls can be heard.
Their alarm calls are shrill and screechy. In flight, they make 'kwik, kwik' vocalizations.
Rosellas are not known for much talking ability but they can mimic whistles and songs.
Though they do not have a true song they do have several melodious calls. Similar to a louder Red Rump, it is much more pleasant than the shrill & harsh sounds of Conures, Cockatoos or Macaws.
Lifespan / Age of Maturity
Rosellas can be expected to live 15 or more years. Females reach reproductive maturity when they are about 18 months old, while males are able to successfully breed when they are 2 - 3 years old.
Training and Behavioral Guidance:
- Rosellas are known for their loud, screeching voices (although vocalizing less frequently than some other parrot species) and tendency to be heavy chewers. They may become nippy as well, if not well socialized. They are not amongst the best talkers.
- Parrots generally present challenges, such as excessive screaming or chewing - especially at certain stages in their life. They do discover their beaks as method of "disciplining us" once they are out of the "baby stage" and they can generally be somewhat naughty, and it really is important to learn to understand them and to guide their behavior before an undesirable behavior has been established. Undisciplined parrots will chew on electric wiring potentially causing house fires. They regard anything in your home as a "toy" that can be explored and chewed on; destroying items that you may hold dear or are simply valuable. Even a young bird that has not been neglected and abused requires proper guidance; this becomes even more challenging when it involves a rescued bird that may require rehabilitation.
- Web Resources: I put together web resources for you to help you understand your pet bird and properly direct him. Please visit this website for valuable tips on parrot behavior and training.
- If you are, as I am, a visual learner and prefer step-by-step instructions to train your pet, I recommend:
Taxonomy:
Scientific: Platycercus icterotis icterotis ... English: Western Rosella, Yellow-cheeked Rosella ... Dutch: Stanley Rosella, Geelwang Rosella ... German: Stanleysittich ... French: Rosella Stanley de qouest
Sub-Species / Races Including Nominate: icterotis, xanthogenys
Sub-species:
Species: Scientific: Platycercus icterotis xanthogenys ... English: Red-backed Western Rosella ... Dutch: Roodrug Stanley Rosella ... German: Rotrücken Stanleysittich ... French: Rosella de Salvador
Description: As icterotis, but with paler cheek patch; nape, back, and shoulder feathers black with broad brownish-grey and red edging; lower back and upper tail-coverts olive-grey; middle tail-feathers dull dark blue with little or no dark green tingeing. Female as icterotis, but much paler; nape, back and shoulder feathers dark grey with broad brownish-grey edging; lower back and upper tail-coverts olive-grey. Immatures as described for nominate form, but mainly olive-grey; back and wing edging pale grey ... Length: 26 cm (10 ins)
Distribution: The interior of south-western Australia
High Quality Species Photos, Videos and/or Articles Contributions are welcome! Click here to upload articles and images.
Please Note: The images on this page are the sole property of the photographers (unless marked as Public Domain). Please click on the image links to contact photographers directly for any copyright or licensing questions. Thank you.
The Avianweb strives to maintain accurate and up-to-date information; however, mistakes do happen. If you would like to correct or update any of the information, please send us an e-mail. THANK YOU!
